Bibliography

Overview

Butler, H. C. 1913. “Ancient Architecture.” Pp. 149-213 in Syria. Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expedition to Syria (Division II, Part 3, Umm Idj-Djimal). Leiden: E. J. Brill.

de Vries, Bert. 1981. “The Umm el-Jimal Project, 1972–1977.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 244: 52-72.

———. 1986. “Umm el-Jimal in the First Three Centuries A.D.” Pp. 227-41 in The Defense of the Roman and Byzantine East. Edited by Philip Freeman and David L. Kennedy. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, International Series 297.

———. 1990. Umm el-Jimal. “Gem of the Black Desert”: A Brief Guide to the Antiquities. Amman: Al Kutba.

———. 1993. “The Umm el-Jimal Project, 1981–1992.” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 37: 433-60.

———. 1994. “What’s in a Name?” The Anonymity of Ancient Umm el-Jimal.” Biblical Archaeologist 57: 215-19.

———. 1995. “Umm el-Jimal Project, 1993 and 1994 Field Seasons.” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 39: 421-35.

———. 2000. “Continuity and Change in the Urban Character of the Southern Hauran from the 5th to the 9th Century: The Archaeological Evidence at Umm al-Jimal.” Mediterranean Archaeology 13: 39-45.

———. 2007. “Between Local and Imperial at Umm al-Jimal.” Pp. 467-72 in Crossing Jordan: North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan. Edited by Thomas E. Levy, P. M. Michèle Daviau, Randall W. Yonker, and May Shaer. London: Equinox.

———. 2009. “Between the Cults of Syria and Arabia: Traces of Pagan Religion at Umm al-Jimal.” Studies in the Histosry and Archaeology of Jordan 10: 177-91.

de Vries, Bert, et al. 1998. Umm El-Jimal. A Frontier Town and Its Landscape in Northern Jordan: Fieldwork 1972–1981. Volume 1. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement Series 26. Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.